Izingxenyana zezinhlayiya ezinosayizi we-nano zandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwamapende okuzivikela, ama-coatings, ama-primer nama-wax ensimbi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-graphene nanosheets ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ukusebenza kuyindawo yesicelo entsha kodwa ekhula ngokushesha embonini kapende.
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwawo emikhiqizweni yokuvikela insimbi kukusha impela—kuthengiswe kuphela eminyakeni embalwa edlule—ama-graphene nanosheets (NNPs) afakazelwe ukuthi anomthelela omkhulu ezimpahleni zama-primer, ama-coatings, amapende, ama-wax, ngisho nezinto zokugcoba.Nakuba isilinganiso esivamile sokulawula ingcindezi sihluka ukusuka ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa eziyishumi kuya kumaphesenti ambalwa, ukungezwa okulungile kwe-GNP kuzoba isithasiselo esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi esinganweba kakhulu impilo yesevisi nokuqina kwenamathela, sithuthukise ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana ne-oxidation kanye nokuhuzuka. ukumelana.;isiza ngisho nangaphezulu ukuthi isuse kalula amanzi nokungcola.Ukwengeza, ama-GNP ngokuvamile asebenza njengama-synergists, esiza ezinye izithasiselo zisebenze ngokuphumelelayo ekugxilweni okuphansi ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza kahle.Ama-graphene nanosheet asevele esetshenziselwa ukuthengisa emikhiqizweni yokuvikela insimbi kusukela kuma-sealant ezimoto, izifutho nama-wax kuya kuma-primer nopende osetshenziswa abakhi bezimoto, osonkontileka bokwakha ngisho nabathengi.Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza (ezifana ne-marine antifouling/anticorrosive primers nopende) zibikwa ukuthi zisesigabeni sokugcina sokuhlolwa futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zenziwe ezentengiso eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseManchester (eManchester, e-UK) babe ngabokuqala ukuhlukanisa i-graphene yongqimba olulodwa ngo-2004, lapho baklonyeliswa khona umklomelo weNobel we-Physics ka-2010.Ama-graphene nanosheet - uhlobo lwe-graphene olunezendlalelo eziningi olutholakala kubathengisi abahlukahlukene abanogqinsi lwezinhlayiyana nobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo - ayizinhlobo ze-2D eziyisicaba/ezinama-scaly nanosized 2D.Njengamanye ama-nanoparticles, ikhono lama-GNP okushintsha futhi athuthukise izakhiwo zemikhiqizo ye-macroscopic efana namafilimu e-polymer, izingxenye zepulasitiki/eziyinhlanganisela, okokunamathela, ngisho nokhonkolo ahluke ngokuphelele kusayizi wawo omncane.Isibonelo, ijiyomethri eyisicaba, ebanzi kodwa ezacile yezithasiselo ze-GNP izenza zilungele ukuhlinzeka ngokumbozwa kahle kwendawo ngaphandle kokwenyusa ukujiya kokunamathela.Ngokuphambene, ukuphumelela kwabo ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwe-coating ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi ukunamathela okuncane kuyadingeka noma kusetshenziswe ukunamathela okuncane.Izinto ze-GNP nazo zinendawo ephezulu kakhulu (2600 m2/g).Uma zihlakazwe kahle, zingathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo izakhiwo zokuvimbela i-coatings kumakhemikhali noma amagesi, okuholela ekuvikelekeni okuthuthukisiwe kokubola kanye ne-oxidation.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono we-tribological, bane-shear ephansi kakhulu, enomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nokugqoka kanye ne-coefficient ye-slip, esiza ukunikeza ukunamathela okungcono ukumelana nokukhipha futhi kuxosha ukungcola, amanzi, ama-microorganisms, ulwelwe, njll. izakhiwo, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ngisho amanani amancane ezithasiselo ze-GNP angasebenza kahle kangaka ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zohlu olukhulu lwemikhiqizo esetshenziswa imboni nsuku zonke.
Nakuba bona, njengamanye ama-nanoparticles, banamandla amakhulu, ukuhlukanisa nokusabalalisa ama-graphene nanosheets ngendlela engasetshenziswa abathuthukisi bepende noma ngisho nabakhi bepulasitiki bepulasitiki akulula.Ukunciphisa ama-aggregate amakhulu ama-nanoparticles ukuze ahlakazeke kahle (kanye nokuhlakazwa emikhiqizweni ehlala emashalofini) ukuze asetshenziswe kumapulasitiki, amafilimu, nama-coatings kufakazele inselele.
Izinkampani zezohwebo ze-GNP ngokuvamile zinikeza ama-morphologies ahlukahlukene (ungqimba olulodwa, ungqimba oluningi, ububanzi obuyisilinganiso obuhlukahlukene futhi, kwezinye izimo, nokusebenza kwamakhemikhali okungeziwe) kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene zefomu (impushana eyomile noketshezi [okusekelwe ekuncibilikisweni, okusekelwe emanzini noma inhlaka- okusekelwe] ukuhlakazeka kwezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ze-polymer).Abakhiqizi abathuthuke kakhulu kwezentengiso bathi basebenze eduze nabakhi bepende ukuze bathole inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yezakhiwo ngezilinganiso ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuhlanjululwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi kapende ngaphandle kokuba nomthelela omubi kwezinye izici ezibalulekile.Ngezansi kunezinkampani ezithile ezingaxoxa ngomsebenzi wazo emkhakheni wezingubo zokuvikela ezinsimbi.
Imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezimoto bekungenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqala nezibaluleke kakhulu ze-graphene embonini kapende.Isithombe: Surf Protection Solutions LLC
Enye yezinto zokuqala ezisetshenziswayo zezentengiselwano zemikhiqizo yokuvikela insimbi ye-graphene yayiku-trim yezimoto.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziswa ekwenziweni koketshezi, i-aerosol, noma i-wax, le mikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezimoto esebenza kahle kakhulu ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile kupende wemoto noma i-chrome, ithuthukise ukucwebezela nokujula kwesithombe (i-DOI), okwenza izimoto zihlanzeke kalula, nokugcina izakhiwo zokuhlanza nokukhulisa.ukuvikela kuphakeme kakhulu kunemikhiqizo evamile.Imikhiqizo ethuthukisiwe ye-GNP, eminye yayo edayiswa ngokuqondile kubathengi kanti eminye ithengiswe kuphela kumasaluni wobuhle, iqhudelana nemikhiqizo ethuthukisiwe ye-ceramic (i-oxide) (equkethe i-silica, i-titanium dioxide, noma ingxube yakho kokubili).Imikhiqizo equkethe i-GNP inokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nenani eliphakeme njengoba ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile izimbotshana zobumba ezingeke zikwazi ukukunikeza.I-Graphene's high-thermal conductivity ikuqeda kahle ukushisa - inzuzo yemikhiqizo esetshenziswa kuma-hood namasondo - futhi ukuqhutshwa kwayo kukagesi okuphezulu kuhlakaza amashaji amile, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi uthuli lunamathele.Nge-engeli enkulu yokuxhumana (amadigri angu-125), izimbotshana ze-GNP zigeleza ngokushesha nangempumelelo, zinciphisa izindawo zamanzi.Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokugwaza nezithiyo zivikela kangcono upende ekuklwebheni, emisebeni ye-UV, amakhemikhali, i-oxidation kanye ne-warping.Ukuba sobala okuphezulu kuvumela imikhiqizo esekwe ku-GNP ukuthi igcine ukubukeka okucwebezelayo, okucwebezelayo okudume kakhulu kulo mkhakha.
I-Surface Protective Solutions LLC (SPS) yase-Grafton, e-Wisconsin, umenzi wokwakheka onesisekelo esiqinile kule ngxenye yemakethe, uthengisa i-graphene coating ehlala isikhathi eside ehlala iminyaka futhi ethengisa upende osekelwe emanzini owenziwe ngcono nge-graphene.I-Serum yokuthinta ngokushesha okuhlala izinyanga ezimbalwa.Yomibili le mikhiqizo okwamanje itholakala kuphela kochwepheshe bobuhle obuqeqeshiwe nabanelayisense, nakuba kukhona izinhlelo zokunikeza izimonyo neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwangemuva kubathengi maduzane nje.Izicelo ezihlosiwe zihlanganisa izimoto, amaloli, nezithuthuthu, neminye imikhiqizo okuthiwa isiseduze nokudayiselwa izindlu nezikebhe.(I-SPS iphinde inikeze ngomkhiqizo we-antimony/tin oxide ohlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwe-UV phezulu.)
“Amawax endabuko e-carnauba nama-sealant angavikela izindawo ezipendiwe kusukela emasontweni kuya ezinyangeni,” kuchaza uMongameli we-SPS uBrett Welsien.“Izingubo zobumba, ezethulwa emakethe maphakathi nawo-2000, zakha isibopho esiqinile ku-substrate futhi zinikeza iminyaka yokumelana ne-UV namakhemikhali, izindawo ezizihlanzayo, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokugcinwa kwegloss okuthuthukisiwe.Nokho, ubuthakathaka babo amabala amanzi.upende ongaphezulu kanye nodaka olwenziwa ukuhlola kwethu olwethu lubonise ukuthi kubangelwa ukudluliswa kokushisa okungekuhle Ngokushesha uye phambili ku-2015 lapho kuqala ucwaningo nge-graphene njengesengezo Ngo-2018 sasiyinkampani yokuqala e-US ukwethula ngokusemthethweni isithako sikapende we-graphene kule nqubo. ekuthuthukiseni imikhiqizo yenkampani ngokusekelwe ku-GNP, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi amabala amanzi kanye namabala angaphezulu (ngenxa yokuthintana namaconsi ezinyoni, ubisi lwesihlahla, izinambuzane namakhemikhali anokhahlo) kwehliswe ngesilinganiso sama-50%, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokungezwani kwemihuzuko ngenxa ku-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana.
I-Applied Graphene Materials plc (AGM, Redcar, UK) yinkampani ehlinzeka ngokuhlakazeka kwe-GNP kumakhasimende amaningi athuthukisa imikhiqizo yokunakekela izimoto.Umkhiqizi we-graphene oneminyaka engu-11 uzichaza njengomholi womhlaba ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwe-GNP dispersions kuma-coatings, ama-composites kanye nezinto zokusebenza.Eqinisweni, i-AGM ibika ukuthi imboni kapende nezingubo zokumboza okwamanje yenza i-80% yebhizinisi layo, cishe ngenxa yokuthi amalungu amaningi ethimba layo lezobuchwepheshe avela embonini kapende nezingubo, esiza i-AGM iqonde amaphuzu obuhlungu abahlanganisi ababili futhi ekugcineni , abasebenzisi..
I-Halo Autocare Ltd. (Stockport, UK) isebenzisa ukusabalalisa kweGenable GNP ye-AGM emikhiqizweni emibili yengcina yemoto ye-EZ.Ikhishwe ngo-2020, i-graphene wax yamaphaneli omzimba ihlanganisa i-T1 carnauba wax, ingcina yezinyosi, namafutha entongomane yezithelo nama-polymers, ama-wetting agents, kanye ne-GNP ukuze kuguqulwe indlela yokuziphatha kwamanzi angaphezulu futhi inikeze ukuvikeleka kwesikhathi eside, ubuhlalu obuhle bamanzi namafilimu, ukuqoqwa kokungcola okuphansi, kulula ukuyihlanza, iqeda ubulongwe bezinyoni futhi inciphisa kakhulu amabala amanzi.I-Graphene Alloy Wheel Wax inazo zonke lezi zinzuzo, kodwa yakhelwe ngokukhethekile amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukuguga okukhuphukile kwamasondo kanye namathiphu okukhipha umoya.I-GNP yengezwa esisekelweni sokushisa okuphezulu kwama-microcrystalline wax, amafutha okwenziwa, ama-polymers kanye nezinhlelo ze-resin ezilaphekayo.UHalo uthi kuye ngokusetshenziswa, umkhiqizo uzovikela amasondo izinyanga ezi-4-6.
I-James Briggs Ltd. (i-Salmon Fields, e-UK), ezichaza njengenye yezinkampani zamakhemikhali zasendlini ezinkulu zaseYurophu, ingelinye ikhasimende le-AGM elisebenzisa i-GNP dispersions ukuthuthukisa i-Hycote graphene anti-corrosion primer.Isifutho se-aerosol esomisa ngokushesha esingenazinki sinokunamathela okuhle kakhulu ezinsimbi namapulasitiki futhi sisetshenziswa abantu njengezitolo zemizimba kanye nabathengi ukumisa noma ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwezindawo zensimbi nokulungisa lezo zindawo zokupenda nokunameka.I-primer ihlinzeka ngaphezu kwamahora angu-1750 okuvikela ukugqwala ngokuhambisana ne-ASTM G-85, iSithasiselo 5, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela kanye nokuguquguquka ngaphandle kokuqhekeka ekuhlolweni kwekhoni (ASTM D-522).impilo yokuqala.I-AGM ithe isebenze eduze namakhasimende ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa ukuze kwandiswe izakhiwo ezinenani elikhulu kuyilapho kukhawulwa umthelela ezindlekweni zomkhiqizo.
Inombolo nezinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezimoto ezithuthukisa i-GNP emakethe zikhula ngokushesha.Eqinisweni, ukuba khona kwe-graphene kuthathwa njengenzuzo enkulu yokusebenza futhi kugqanyiswa eshadini lomkhiqizo.|UJames Briggs Ltd. (kwesokunxele), i-Halo Autocare Ltd. (phezulu kwesokudla) kanye ne-Surface Protective Solutions LLCSurface Protective Solutions LLC (ngezansi kwesokudla)
I-anti-corrosion coatings iyindawo ekhulayo yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-GNP, lapho ama-nanoparticles anganweba kakhulu izikhawu zokulungisa, anciphise ukugqwala, anwebe ukuvikelwa kwewaranti, futhi ehlise izindleko zokuphathwa kwempahla.|Inkampani Hershey Coatings Co., Ltd.
Ama-GNP aya ngokuya asetshenziswa kuma-anti-corrosion coatings nama-primers ezindaweni ezinzima (C3-C5).U-Adrian Potts, oyi-CEO ye-AGM, wachaza: “Lapho ihlanganiswa kahle kuma-solvent-noma ama-coatings asekelwe emanzini, i-graphene inganikeza izici ezinhle kakhulu zokulwa nokugqwala futhi ithuthukise ukulawula ukugqwala.umthelela ngokwandisa impilo yezimpahla, ukunciphisa imvamisa nezindleko zokunakekelwa kwempahla, kanye nemikhiqizo esemanzini noma imikhiqizo equkethe izithasiselo ezinobuthi obuningi njenge-zinc ayisadingeki noma ayisasetshenziswa.indawo okugxilwe kuyo nethuba kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo.“Ukugqwala kuyinto enkulu, ukugqwala akusona isihloko esimnandi ngoba kumelela ukuwohloka kwempahla yekhasimende, kuyinkinga enkulu,” engeza.
Ikhasimende le-AGM elethule ngempumelelo i-aerosol spray primer yi-Halfords Ltd. ezinze e-Washington, UK, umthengisi ohamba phambili waseBrithani nowase-Ireland wezingxenye zezimoto, amathuluzi, izinto zokukhempa namabhayisikili.I-graphene anti-corrosion primer yenkampani ayinazinki, okuyenza ivumelane nemvelo.Kuthiwa inokunamathela okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni zensimbi ezihlanganisa insimbi emnene, i-aluminium ne-Zintec, igcwalisa ukungapheleli okuncane kwendawo futhi yome emizuzwini engu-3-4 kuze kube sekugcineni kwe-sandable matte ngemizuzu engama-20 nje.Kuphinde kwadlula amahora angu-1,750 esifutho sikasawoti kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhoni ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.Ngokusho kwe-Halfords, i-primer inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-sag, ivumela ukujula okukhulu kokugqoka, futhi inikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela ukuze kwandiswe kakhulu impilo yokugqoka.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-primer inokuhambisana okuhle kakhulu nesizukulwane sakamuva samapende asekelwe emanzini.
I-Alltimes Coatings Ltd. evela e-Stroud, e-UK, uchwepheshe wokuvikela ukugqwala kophahla lwensimbi, isebenzisa ukusabalalisa kwe-AGM ezinhlelweni zayo zokufulela uketshezi ze-Advantage Graphene zezakhiwo zezimboni nezohwebo.Umkhiqizo ukhulisa isisindo esincane sophahla, isimo sezulu kanye nokumelana ne-UV, akunawo ama-solvents, ama-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) nama-isocyanates.Ungqimba olulodwa kuphela lusetshenziswa endaweni elungiselelwe kahle, uhlelo lunokumelana nomthelela kanye nokunwebeka okuphezulu, ukunwebeka okuhle kakhulu futhi akukho ukuncipha ngemuva kokuphulukiswa.Ingasetshenziswa phezu kwebanga lokushisa elingu-3-60°C/37-140°F futhi isetshenziswe kabusha.Ukwengezwa kwe-graphene kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi umkhiqizo usuphumelele ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esingathathi hlangothi samahora angu-10,000 (ISO9227:2017), kunweba impilo yewaranti ye-Autotech isuka eminyakeni engama-20 iye kwengama-30.Naphezu kokudala umgoqo ophumelela kakhulu ngokumelene namanzi, umoya-mpilo nosawoti, ukunamathela kwe-microporous kuphefumula.Ukuze kube lula ukuqondiswa kwezakhiwo, i-Alltimes ithuthukise ikharikhulamu ehlelekile ye-Continuing Professional Development (CPD).
I-Blocksil Ltd. yase-Lichfield, e-UK, izichaza njengenkampani yokumboza ewine indondo ehlinzeka ngamandla athuthukile nezixazululo zokonga abasebenzi kumakhasimende asezimbonini zezimoto, zikaloliwe, ezokwakha, ezamandla, zasolwandle kanye nezomkhathi.I-Blocksil isebenze eduze ne-AGM ukuthuthukisa isizukulwane esisha se-MT anti-corrosion coatings nge-graphene-reinforced top layer yensimbi yesakhiwo ezindaweni ezivulekile nezigqwalayo.Itholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene, i-VOC ne-solvent free, isistimu yejazi elilodwa imelana kakhulu nomswakama futhi isidlule amahora angu-11,800 wokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esingathathi hlangothi ngo-50% wokuqina kunemikhiqizo yangaphambilini.Uma kuqhathaniswa, iBlocksil ithi i-polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) engafakwanga ipulasitiki ngokuvamile ihlala amahora angama-500 kulokhu kuhlolwa, kuyilapho upende we-epoxy uhlala amahora angama-250-300.Le nkampani iphinde ithi upende ungafakwa ensimbi emanzi kancane futhi uvimbele ukungena kwamanzi ngemuva nje kokufakwa.Ichazwa ngokuthi ayizweli phezulu, izogqwala inqobo nje uma udoti oxekethile ususiwe futhi welapha ngaphandle kokushisa kwangaphandle ukuze usetshenziswe ensimini.I-coating inobubanzi bokusebenza obusuka ku-0 kuye ku-60 ° C/32-140 ° F futhi iphumelele izivivinyo zomlilo eziqinile (BS476-3:2004, CEN/TS1187:2012-Test 4 (kubandakanya EN13501-5:2016-test 4 4)) azikwazi ukumelana ne-graffiti futhi zine-UV enhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu.I-coating kubikwa ukuthi isetshenziswe kuma-launcher mast e-RTÉ (Raidió Teilifís Éireann, Dublin, Ireland) nakumasathelayithi ezokuxhumana e-Avanti Communications Group plc (London) kanye nakukholomu kaloliwe ehlukanisiwe nehambisanayo (SSP), lapho idlule khona ku-EN45545 -2:2013, R7 kuya ku-HL3.
Enye inkampani esebenzisa izimbotshana eziqiniswe yi-GNP ukuze ivikele insimbi umphakeli wezimoto emhlabeni wonke i-Martinrea International Inc. (i-Toronto), esebenzisa i-graphene-reinforced polyamide (PA, ebizwa nangokuthi inayiloni) izimoto zabagibeli ezinamekwe.(Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle ze-thermoplastic, umphakeli waseMontreal u-GNP NanoXplore Inc. unikeze i-Martinrea nge-GNP/PA ye-coating eyinhlanganisela yonke.) Umkhiqizo kubikwa ukuthi wehlisa isisindo ngamaphesenti angu-25 futhi unikeze ukuvikeleka okungaphezulu kokugqokwa, amandla athuthukisiwe aphezulu, kanye namakhemikhali athuthukisiwe. isivikelo.ukumelana akudingi izinguquko kumishini yokukhiqiza ekhona noma izinqubo.UMartinrea waphawula ukuthi ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwe-coating kunganwebisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezingxenye zezimoto, ikakhulukazi izimoto zikagesi.
Ngokuphothulwa kwezivivinyo eziningi zesikhathi eside, ukuvikela ukugqwala kwasolwandle kanye nokulwa nokungcoliswa kungenzeka kube uhlelo olubalulekile lwe-GNP.I-Graphene additive Talga Group Ltd. okwamanje ihlolwa ezimweni zangempela zasolwandle emikhunjini emibili emikhulu.Omunye wemikhumbi wawusanda kuqeda ukuhlolwa kwezinyanga eziyi-15 futhi kwathiwa izingxenye ezinamekwe nge-GNP eqinisiwe yokuqala zibonise imiphumela eqhathanisekayo noma engcono kunamasampula okuqala ngaphandle kokuqiniswa, osekuvele kubonise izimpawu zokugqwala.|Inkampani Targa Group Co., Ltd.
Abathuthukisi bepende abaningi nabakhiqizi be-graphene bebesebenza kanzima bethuthukisa ama-anti-corrosion/anti-fouling embonini yasolwandle.Uma kubhekwa ukuhlolwa okubanzi nesikhathi eside okudingekayo ukuze kugunyazwe kule ndawo, izinkampani eziningi esixoxisane nazo zibonise ukuthi imikhiqizo yazo isesigabeni sokuhlola nokuhlola futhi izivumelwano zokungaphumeleli (ama-NDA) zibavimbela ekuxoxeni ngomsebenzi wabo inkambu.ngayinye iveze ukuthi ukuhlola okwenziwe kuze kube manje kubonise izinzuzo ezibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni i-GNP emigudwini yasolwandle.
Enye inkampani engakwazanga ukuchaza kabanzi ngomsebenzi wayo i-2D Materials Pte ese-Singapore.Ltd., eyaqala ukukhiqiza i-GNP ngesilinganiso selebhu ngo-2017 kanye nesilinganiso sokuhweba ngonyaka odlule.Imikhiqizo yayo ye-graphene yakhelwe ngokukhethekile imboni kapende, futhi inkampani ithe ibisebenzisana nabahlinzeki ababili abakhulu basolwandle abalwa nokugqwala kusukela ngo-2019 ukuthuthukisa upende nokunamathela kulo mkhakha.I-2D Materials iphinde yathi isebenza nenkampani enkulu yensimbi ukufaka i-graphene emafutheni asetshenziselwa ukuvikela insimbi ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa nokugcinwa.NgokukaChwang Chie Fu, uchwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ze-2D, "i-graphene inomthelela omkhulu ekugqokeni okusebenzayo."“Ngokwesibonelo, ezimbotsheni ezilwa nokugqwala embonini yasolwandle, i-zinc ingenye yezithako eziyinhloko.I-graphene ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni i-zinc kulezi zingubo.Ukwengeza i-graphene engaphansi kuka-2% kungandisa kakhulu impilo yalezi zimbotshana, okusho ukuthi lokhu kuyenza ibe isiphakamiso senani elikhangayo okunzima ukwenqaba.”
I-Talga Group Ltd. (Perth, Australia), inkampani ye-anode yebhethri ne-graphene eyasungulwa ngo-2010, yamemezela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ukuthi isengezo sayo se-Talcoat graphene yama-primers sibonise imiphumela emihle ezivivinyweni zangempela zolwandle.Isengezo sakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuze sisetshenziswe ezimbotsheni zasolwandle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala, kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa upende ezindaweni eziphila emanzini futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza ngokukhuphula isikhawu sedokhu elomile.Ngokuphawulekayo, lesi sengezo esomile esihlakazekayo singafakwa kuma-coatings in situ, amele ukuthuthukiswa kwezentengiselwano okubalulekile kwemikhiqizo ye-GNP, evamise ukunikezwa njengokuhlakazwa koketshezi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxutshwa okuhle.
Ngo-2019, isithasiselo saxutshwa kuqala nge-epoxy primer enamaphakethe amabili evela kumnikezeli wezingubo ohamba phambili futhi sasetshenziswa emkhunjini womkhumbi weziqukathi omkhulu ongu-700m²/7535ft² njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kolwandle ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwengubo ezindaweni zasolwandle ezinonya.(Ukuze kuhlinzekwe isisekelo esingokoqobo, isiqalo esinelebula esivamile sasetshenziswa kwenye indawo ukuze kuhlukaniswe umkhiqizo ngamunye. Zombili iziqalo zabe sezigcotshwa phezulu.) Ngaleso sikhathi, lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwalubhekwa njengohlelo lokusebenza lwegraphene olukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni.Umkhumbi uhlolwe izinyanga eziyi-15 futhi izigaba ezimbozwe nge-GNP eqinisiwe i-primer kubikwa ukuthi zenze ngokuqhathaniswa noma kangcono kunokuqala ngaphandle kokuqiniswa, osekuvele kubonise izimpawu zokugqwala.Ukuhlolwa kwesibili kwakuhilela ukuba isisetshenziswa sikapende sixube isithasiselo esiyimpuphu se-GNP esizeni nomunye upende wamaphekhi amabili we-epoxy ovela komunye umhlinzeki kapende ohamba phambili bese ufafaza engxenyeni ebalulekile yesiqukathi esikhulu.Amacala amabili asaqhubeka.UTalga uphawule ukuthi imikhawulo yokuhamba ehlobene nobhubhane iyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela ekuhambeni kwamanye amazwe, ibambezela izindaba zokuthi ukufakwa kusebenza kanjani emkhunjini wesibili.Igqugquzelwa yile miphumela, kuthiwa i-Talga yenza izimbotshana zasolwandle ezinqanda ukungcolisa, okokuvikela amagciwane ensimbi nepulasitiki, okunqanda ukugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi ezinkulu, kanye nezimbobo zokuvala amapulasitiki.
Iphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa i-GNP eyamenyezelwa ngoMashi yi-Advanced Materials Research Laboratory Toray Industries, Inc. (Tokyo), yaheha intshisekelo yabathuthukisi bezinto zokumboza, okuhlanganisa nokwakhiwa kwesixazululo se-ultrafine dispersion graphene, okuthiwa sibonisa uketshezi oluhle kakhulu.I-conductivity ephezulu ehlangene ne-high conductivity kagesi kanye ne-thermal conductivity.Okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni ukusetshenziswa kwe-polymer eyingqayizivele (engashiwongo) okuthiwa ilawula i-viscosity ngokuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwama-graphene nanosheets, ngaleyo ndlela kuxazululwe inkinga yesikhathi eside yokudala ukuhlakazeka kwe-GNP okugxilwe kakhulu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlakazeka kwe-GNP evamile, umkhiqizo omusha we-Toray onoketshezi oluningi, oqukethe i-polymer eyingqayizivele elawula i-viscosity ngokuvimbela i-graphene nanoparticle aggregation, ukhiqiza ukuhlakazeka kwe-GNP okugxilwe kakhulu, okuhle kakhulu okunokushisa okuphezulu nokuhamba kukagesi kanye nokukhuphuka kwamanzi ukuze kube lula ukuphatha futhi. ukuxuba.|Inkampani Torey Industries Co., Ltd.
"I-graphene ezacile ijwayele ukunqwabelana kalula, okunciphisa uketshezi futhi kwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe yokuhlakazeka," kuchaza umcwaningi weToray u-Eiichiro Tamaki.Ukuze ugweme inkinga yokunamathela, ama-nanoplates ngokuvamile ahlanjululwa ngesisombululo esiphansi sokugxila.Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukugxila okwanele ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele i-graphene. ”Ukuhlakazwa kwe-GNP okune-ultra-fine kanye nokwanda kwe-fluidity ukuze kube lula ukuphatha nokuhlanganisa.Izicelo zokuqala kuthiwa zihlanganisa amabhethri, amasekhethi e-electronic ukuze anyathelise, kanye nama-anti-corrosion coatings ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena kwamanzi nomoya-mpilo.Inkampani ibicwaninga futhi ikhiqiza i-graphene iminyaka eyi-10 futhi ithi ithuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokusabalalisa ukuze yenze i-graphene ithengeke kakhulu.Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-polymer eyingqayizivele ithinta kokubili ama-nanosheet ngokwawo kanye ne-dispersion medium, u-Tamaki waphawula, ethi isebenza kahle kakhulu ngezincibilikisi ze-polar.
Uma kubhekwa zonke izinzuzo ezingaba khona ezinikezwa yi-GNP, akumangazi ukuthi amalungelo obunikazi ahlobene ne-GNP angaphezu kuka-2,300 anikezwe amabhizinisi nezifundiswa.Ochwepheshe babikezela ukukhula okukhulu kwalobu buchwepheshe, bathi buzothinta izimboni ezingaphezu kuka-45, okuhlanganisa upende nama-coatings.Ziningi izici ezibalulekile ezithiya ukukhula ziyaqedwa.Okokuqala, ukukhathazeka kwezemvelo, ezempilo kanye nokuphepha (EHS) kungase kube inkinga kuma-nanoparticles amasha njengokugunyazwa kokulawula (isb. Uhlelo lwe-European Union's REACH (Ukubhalisa, Ukuhlola, Ukugunyazwa kanye Nokukhawulelwa Kwamakhemikhali) luyadalulwa.Ukwengeza, abahlinzeki abambalwa bahlole kabanzi izinto zokuqinisa i-GNP ukuze baqonde kangcono ukuthi kwenzekani uma kufafazwa.Abenzi be-graphene bayashesha ukuveza ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi i-GNP yenziwe nge-graphite yamaminerali eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, inqubo yabo ngokwemvelo inobungani bemvelo kunezinye izithasiselo eziningi.Inselele yesibili ukuthola okwanele ngentengo ethengekayo, kodwa lokhu kuyabhekwana nakho njengoba abakhiqizi bekhulisa izinhlelo zabo zokukhiqiza.
“Isithiyo esikhulu sokwethulwa kwe-graphene embonini kube amandla okukhiqiza abakhiqizi be-graphene, kuhlanganiswe nezindleko eziphakeme ngokomlando zomkhiqizo,” kuchaza u-Tarek Jalloul we-Lead Carbon Technologies, iphrojekthi yobuchwepheshe ye-NanoXplore.“Lezi zingqinamba ezimbili ziyanqotshwa futhi imikhiqizo ethuthukisiwe ye-graphene ingena esigabeni sokuhweba njengoba igebe lamandla nentengo lincipha.Isibonelo, inkampani yami yasungulwa ngo-2011 futhi manje ingakhiqiza i-4,000 t / t ngonyaka, ngokusho kwe-IDTechEx Research (Boston), singumkhiqizi omkhulu we-graphene emhlabeni.Isikhungo sethu esisha sokukhiqiza sizenzakalela ngokugcwele futhi sinesakhiwo esiyimojuli esingaphindaphindeka kalula uma kudingeka ukunwetshwa.Esinye isithiyo esikhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni ze-graphene ukushoda kwemvume yokulawula, kodwa lokhu kuyenzeka manje. ”
"Izakhiwo ezihlinzekwa yi-graphene zingaba nomthelela omkhulu embonini kapende nezingubo," kusho uVelzin.“Nakuba i-graphene inezindleko eziphakeme ngegremu ngalinye kunezinye izithasiselo, isetshenziswa ngamanani amancane futhi inikeza izinzuzo ezinhle kangangokuthi izindleko zesikhathi eside ziyathengeka.thuthukisa ama-graphene ?coatings??
“Lezi zinto ziyasebenza futhi singakhombisa ukuthi zinhle impela,” kwengeza uPotts."Ukwengeza i-graphene eresiphi, noma ngamanani amancane kakhulu, kunganikeza izakhiwo zoshintsho."
Peggy Malnati is a regular contributor to PF’s sister publications CompositesWorld and MoldMaking Technology magazines and maintains contact with clients through her regional office in Detroit. pmalnati@garpub.com
I-masking isetshenziswa emisebenzini eminingi yokuqedela insimbi lapho kuphela izindawo ezithile zobuso bengxenye ezidinga ukucutshungulwa.Esikhundleni salokho, ukufihla ubuso kungasetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho ukwelashwa kungadingeki noma kufanele kugwenywe.Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa izici eziningi zokuvala izigqoko zensimbi, okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, amasu, nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokufihla ezisetshenziswa.
Ukunamathela okuthuthukisiwe, ukugqwala okwandisiwe kanye nokumelana namabhamuza, nokusebenzisana okuncishisiwe kokunamathela nezingxenye kudinga ukwelashwa kwangaphambili.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-28-2022